In the investment world, it’s common to discuss average rates of return. It’s not sufficient, however, to simply add up historical returns and divide by how many there are. The proper way to calculate ...

This is my second blog on mean, mode and median in just a week – surely that’s far from average. However, I’ve just been reading about the differences between the arithmetic mean and the geometric ...

The simple definition of a mean is that of a numeric quantity which represents the center of a collection of numbers. Here the trick lies in defining the exact type of numeric collection, as beyond ...

The concept of constructing an investment portfolio by maximising the mean return while minimising the variance of the return was first introduced by Markowitz (1952). Instead of focusing only on the ...

Management Science is a cross-functional, multidisciplinary examination of advances and solutions supporting enhanced strategic planning and management science. Includes relevant contributions from ...