The parity-identification problem fits naturally into this landscape. Parity is a global property, insensitive to most local details. In this respect, it resembles many other quantities studied in ...

Generating a random number might seem like an easy task, but it can be surprisingly difficult — especially if the probability distribution from which the number is drawn is complex. This is often the ...

A quantum random-number generator has been developed that uses classical cryptography to certify that its output was produced by a quantum process. A truly random number is generated by a process ...