Figure 2. Oscillations (top trend) versus random deviations (bottom trend). An external source of oscillation could affect a control loop through the process or via the SP (if the latter is generated ...

PID control loops are widely utilized in many aspects of everyday life and industrial automation, including gyroscopes in self-navigating cars and smartphones, flow controllers in pipes, ovens that ...

The Control Loop Don Morgan Tuning a PID controller is pretty straightforward, once you know how to start and what steps to follow. In this series on motion control, we have already discussed ...

The non-invasive stability assessment is a method that uses an output impedance measurement to accurately determine stability without access to the control loop. The non-invasive stability assessment, ...

Creating a digital twin has become a major goal for digitalization, and it is easy to get intimidated by all the buzzwords. The digital twin concept is really about creating a macro control loop with ...

The control loop must have sufficient gain and bandwidth to quickly adjust the duty cycle up or down as the FET transitions on and off. The output voltage swings between 10.5 volts and below 0.1 volt, ...

Feedback theory It is important to know the criteria necessary for a feedback system to remain stable, therefore we need to look at feedback theory to gain some insight. Figure 1 illustrates a system ...