Fuzzy set theory has emerged as a powerful tool to address the inherent imprecisions and uncertainties in financial modelling, notably in option pricing. By incorporating fuzziness into conventional ...

This paper presents a fuzzy system to assure the quality of volunteered geographic information (VGI) collected for the purposes of species surveillances. The system uses trust as a proxy of quality.

Then in the early 20th century, Jan Lukasiewicz proposed a three-valued logic (true, possible, false), which never gained wide acceptance. In 1965, Lotfi A. Zadeh of the University of California at ...