A 5 L of Avacoda oil was procured from the grey market in Addis Ababa Ethiopia. The workpiece used for the experimentation was an AISI 4130r steel plate with a dimension of 100 mm × 100 mm × 25 mm ...
This study aims to prepare mono and gemini nonionic emulsifiers differing in HLB to utilize in formulated metal cutting fluids. Also, the cationic gemini surfactant (GCS) was prepared and applied as a ...